The Orange County Screenwriters Association
    Be Inspired, Do Good Work

    How To Format Flashbacks In A Screenplay


    Here is an example of formatting a transition to a flashback and a flashback scene:

    INT. SAIGON HOTEL ROOM – DAY (1983)

    Kim gets up from the sofa. Crosses the room to the window. Gazes down at people
    walking along the street. She stares at a mother and a young girl about her
    own age.

                                                                                                           FLASHBACK TO:

    INT. SAIGON HOSPITAL – DAY (1981)

    Kim's mother is in a hospital bed. Kim is holding her hand, squeezing hard.

                                                    KIM
                              Mother, mother open your eyes.

    Kim drops her mother's lifeless hand. She stares with unbelieving eyes.
    A voice calls her name, "Kim! Kim!"

    BACK TO PRESENT

    Kim turns away from the window. Steve is calling her name.

                                                    STEVE
                              Kim! Kim! Are you okay?

                                                    KIM
                             
    Yes.

                                                    STEVE
                             
    You seemed far away when I called you.

    In the above example, the present-time scene transitions into a flashback. Kim gazes out the window and sees a mother and daughter who evoke a memory of her own mother.

    The words, FLASHBACK TO (all caps), appear at the right of the page, indicating that the next scene is a flashback. The flashback scene itself is formatted like any other scene. In this example, it is set in a Saigon hospital. We see Kim's memory of her dying mother. So the audience learns what happened to Kim's mother and how it affected her.

    Notice how the flashback transitions back to the present-time scene. Kim hears a voice calling her name, calling her back to the present. The words, BACK TO PRESENT (all caps), appear on the left side of the page, indicating that we are leaving the flashback and returning to the present time. The transition is smooth because we see Kim turn away from the window where her memory was first evoked in a flashback. She turns away because a voice distracts her from her memory and makes her focus on the present time.

    By reading screenplays with flashbacks, you'll learn how to transition into and out of them and when to use them effectively. They shouldn't be used indiscriminately. It's best to show action in present time and use flashback scenes only to give the audience information it can't get from present-time action.

    To write a flashback scene, ask yourself several questions:

    1.) What does the audience need to know about the protagonist's past that cannot be shown
          in a present-time scene?

    2.) Where does the flashback take place? Describe the geographic location.

    3.) When does the flashback memory take place? Pinpoint the time period. Did the event
          take place in the character's childhood, several months ago, or many years ago?

    4.) Who are the other characters in the flashback and why are they important?

    5.) How is the character's memory evoked as a flashback? This is known as the transition
          into the flashback. Does a place, sound, picture, or present event trigger a memory?
         How does the character return (transition) to the present from his memory, or flashback?
         Does someone call his name, telephone him, tap him on the shoulder?

    Learn About Screenplay Formatting By Reading Screenplays In Our Directory

    Screenplays> Action-Adventure
    Screenplays> Animation
    Screenplays> Biography
    Screenplays> Comedy
    Screenplays> Crime
    Screenplays> Drama
    Screenplays> Horror
    Screenplays> Mystery
    Screenplays> War
    Screenplays> Sci-Fi
    Screenplays> Western

    People Who Read These Screenplays Also Bought Screenwriting Exercises

    Store> Scriptologist.com Exercise Series
    Store> How To Create A Dramatic Plot Structure
    Store> How To Create Real-Life Dialogue
    Store> Character Development Exercise
    Store> How To Write A Screenplay From Your Personal Life Experiences
    Store> How To Write A Religious Thriller

     

    Copyright (c) Orange County Screenwriters Association
    Fair Use Statement

    Fair use refers to the right to reproduce, use and share copyrighted works of cultural production without direct permission from or payment to the original copyright holders. It is a designation that is assigned to projects that use copyrighted materials for purposes that include research, criticism, news reporting and teaching. When a project is protected under fair use provisions, the producers of that project are not subject to sanctions related to copyright infringement. The maintenance of fair use protections is central to many non-profit and education projects, especially those that operate in digital and online spaces.

    This website may contain copyrighted material, the use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright holders. The material is made available on this website as a way to advance research and teaching related to critical media literacy and intercultural understanding, among other salient political and social issues. Through context, critical questioning, and educational framing, the Orange County Screenwriters Association, therefore, creates a transformative use of copyrighted media. The material is presented for entirely non-profit educational purposes. There is no reason to believe that the featured media clips will in any way negatively affect the market value of the copyrighted works. For these reasons, we believe that the website is clearly covered under current fair use copyright laws. We do not support any actions in which the materials on this site are used for purposes that extend beyond fair use.